The de-globalization of food consumption: sociopolitical factors and impacts on Made in Italy exports to Southeast Asia

Food globalization, understood as growing economic integration among countries, has slowed down in recent years with a gradual strengthening of de-globalization dynamics in consumption. This phenomenon, driven by sociopolitical factors, is also having significant impacts on Italian agrifood exports, particularly in Southeast Asian markets.

But what are the main causes?

Protectionist policies and trade barriers Many countries are implementing protectionist policies to protect their local production and ensure national food security. Southeast Asia in particular has been tightening sanitary and customs regulations, making market access more complex for Italian products. Economic nationalism and preference for local “Made in” Increasing economic nationalism is driving consumers to favour indigenous products, reducing demand for imported foods. Countries such as Indonesia, Thailand and Vietnam are actively promoting their agri-food sectors through incentives and marketing campaigns. Sustainability and short supply chain Global consumers are increasingly turning to sustainable and zero-mile products. This trend negatively impacts Italian food exports, which face logistical and environmental perception challenges. Geopolitical risks and economic instability International tensions, such as trade conflicts between China and the West or the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, have accelerated the process of regionalization of trade, leading to less dependence on food imports. International sanctions imposed on specific countries can limit their ability to import or export food products, affecting consumption patterns.

Italy, a leader in the export of high-quality agri-food products, faces new challenges in Southeast Asia. Some key sectors, such as wine, olive oil, and cheese, may be affected by the growing demand for local products and tighter tariff barriers that make Italian products less competitive than locally produced ones. However, Made in Italy continues to have strong appeal, especially in the premium end of the market. Alifood supports its supplier network to adapt to this new scenario with targeted strategies such as:

Supply diversification: developing products that meet the sustainability and wellness needs of Asian consumers. Adaptation to local regulations: invest in compliance certification and supply chain transparency. Direct presence in target markets: enhance local distribution through joint ventures or production facilities. Communication and storytelling: leveraging effective digital strategies to emphasize the authenticity and the craftsmanship of Italian products.

In conclusion, we can say that the de-globalization of food consumption is not just a threat but rather an opportunity for Italian exports. Companies that know how to adapt to this changing scenario will be able to consolidate their presence in a strategic area for the future of the Italian-made food.